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- <text id=93TT0593>
- <title>
- Dec. 06, 1993: Bodies Of Evidence
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Dec. 06, 1993 Castro's Cuba:The End Of The Dream
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ETHICS, Page 70
- Bodies Of Evidence
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>A furor arises over the rights of the dead after a German university
- uses cadavers in car test crashes
- </p>
- <p> The details were antiseptic yet chilling. Perhaps the most
- appalling nicety was bandaging the faces of the dead, so that
- researchers would not have to look into their eyes after the
- bodies were put through the automobile test crashes. How much
- indignity should human remains be allowed to suffer--even
- for the cause of science? That ancient debate was renewed last
- week by the disclosure that Germany's University of Heidelberg
- had, for the past two decades, wired electronic sensors to more
- than 200 human corpses (including the bodies of eight children),
- strapped them into cars and hurled them at speeds of 30 m.p.h.
- into walls, barriers and other vehicles.
- </p>
- <p> Society has always been reluctant to tolerate research on corpses,
- allowing it only when it serves to illuminate the unknown and
- improve medical science. But what if the purpose of desecrating
- the dead is to learn how to make a better Volkswagen? Germany's
- largest automobile club, ADAC, denounced the experiments with
- children's bodies as ethically unacceptable. Even more vehement
- was the Roman Catholic Church: "A repugnance to the conscience,"
- seethed Vatican theologian Gino Concetti, who expressed "uncontrollable
- indignation" over tests for which there was "no moral justification."
- </p>
- <p> Heidelberg researchers pointed out that the use of children's
- corpses ended in 1989 and that the tests had never been kept
- secret in the first place. One crash study was even published
- by a research group representing 40 German automakers including
- Daimler Benz, Volkswagen, Opel and Ford. University officials
- quickly added that while adult bodies were supplied by homeless
- people and organ donors, children's corpses were used only with
- the permission of families, who were fully informed of what
- the tests would entail.
- </p>
- <p> Furthermore, Germans are not alone in testing corpses in car
- crashes. During the past 20 years, the French carmaker Renault
- said about 450 corpses had been used in accident simulations
- in France. And since the 1940s, cadavers have been crash-tested
- in the U.S. at the University of Virginia, the Medical College
- of Wisconsin and at Detroit's Wayne State University. General
- Motors and Ford continue to contribute 40% of the $750,000 Wayne
- State receives each year to conduct such tests.
- </p>
- <p> In Germany parents who were asked to donate their children's
- bodies were at first appalled. But almost all subsequently gave
- their permission when they learned that data from the crash
- tests are vital for constructing more than 120 types of instrumented
- dummies, ranging in size from infants to adults, that can simulate
- dozens of human reactions in a crash.
- </p>
- <p> Statistics, at least, seem to justify the use of cadavers. Despite
- a nearly 75% increase in the number of cars on the road during
- the past 20 years, the vehicle fatality rate in the U.S. has
- decreased more than half. Much of that improvement is due to
- the introduction of such devices as seat belts, air bags, safer
- windshields and stronger doors--all of which were developed
- with the aid of crash dummies. "My research with children's
- corpses helps to save lives," Heidelberg researcher Dimitrios
- Kallieris told the German newspaper Bild. "Anyone who has seen
- smashed children in an accident will understand what is at stake."
- </p>
- <p> By Kevin Fedarko. Reported by Rhea Schoenthal/Bonn and Joseph
- R. Szczesny/Detroit
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-